摘要
截至2022年7月30日,EV数据库共收集阿替利珠单抗相关ADE报告7 076例,发生ADE共12 766例次,其中严重不良事件11 721例次(91.81%)。患者以男性为主(56.83%),年龄集中在65~85岁(44.39%),上报人群主要为医务人员(94.16%)。对ADE进行系统器官分类(SOC),共涉及27个SOC,主要为全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应(13.17%)、胃肠系统疾病(9.33%)、呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病(8.69%)等。采用首选术语(PT)进行各系统报告查询,报告数前五位分别为发热、间质性肺病(ILD)、腹泻、肺炎和发热性中性粒细胞减少(FN)。
阿替利珠单抗(atezolizumab)是一种针对程序性死亡受体配体1(programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1)的单克隆抗体,作用机制为阻断PD-L1与程序性死亡受体1(programmed death-1, PD-1)结合,解除PD-1/PD-L1信号通路介导的免疫抑制,从而激活抗肿瘤免疫反
本次研究数据来源于欧洲EudraVigilance(EV)数据库,该数据库是一个用于收集疑似药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction, ADR)报告的系统,用于评估药物在开发过程中的益处和风险,监测药物上市后的安全
截至2022年7月30日,EV数据库共收集阿替利珠单抗相关ADE报告7 076例,涉及ADE共12 766例次。年龄以65~85岁为主(44.39%),男性患者(56.83%)多于女性患者(34.92%),上报人群以医务人员为主(94.16%)(
基本资料 | 例数 | 构成比/% | |
---|---|---|---|
年龄/岁 | <18 | 4 | 0.06 |
18~64 | 2 073 | 29.29 | |
65~85 | 3 141 | 44.39 | |
>85 | 217 | 3.07 | |
未明 | 1 641 | 23.19 | |
性别 | 男 | 4 021 | 56.83 |
女 | 2 471 | 34.92 | |
未明 | 584 | 8.25 | |
上报人群 | 医务人员 | 6 663 | 94.16 |
非医务人员 | 413 | 5.84 |
对所收集的ADE报告进行SOC分类,涉及27个SOC,主要为全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应、胃肠系统、呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病、血液及淋巴系统疾病、感染及侵袭类等。严重不良事件定义为:导致死亡、危及生命、需要住院或延长现有住院时间、导致持续或严重的残疾/丧失能力、先天性异常/出生缺陷及导致一些其他的严重医学事
序号 | SOC | 严重不良事件 | 非严重不良事件 | 合计 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 | 1 483(11.62) | 198(1.55) | 1 681(13.17) |
2 | 胃肠系统疾病 | 1 103(8.64) | 88(0.69) | 1 191(9.33) |
3 | 呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 | 1 049(8.22) | 60(0.47) | 1 109(8.69) |
4 | 血液及淋巴系统疾病 | 842(6.60) | 34(0.27) | 876(6.86) |
5 | 感染及侵袭类 | 780(6.11) | 35(0.27) | 815(6.38) |
6 | 各类检查 | 744(5.83) | 80(0.63) | 824(6.45) |
7 | 各类神经系统疾病 | 726(5.69) | 53(0.42) | 779(6.10) |
8 | 肝胆系统疾病 | 613(4.80) | 12(0.09) | 625(4.90) |
9 | 皮肤及皮下组织类疾病 | 551(4.32) | 139(1.09) | 690(5.40) |
10 | 肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 | 508(3.98) | 17(0.13) | 525(4.11) |
11 | 各类损伤、中毒及手术并发症 | 491(3.85) | 73(0.57) | 564(4.42) |
12 | 代谢及营养类疾病 | 487(3.81) | 15(0.12) | 502(3.93) |
13 | 内分泌系统疾病 | 411(3.22) | 54(0.42) | 465(3.64) |
14 | 各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 | 325(2.55) | 83(0.65) | 408(3.20) |
15 | 血管类疾病 | 324(2.54) | 28(0.22) | 352(2.76) |
16 | 心脏器官疾病 | 307(2.40) | 7(0.05) | 314(2.46) |
17 | 免疫系统疾病 | 145(1.14) | 20(0.16) | 165(1.29) |
18 | 精神疾病类 | 116(0.91) | 8(0.06) | 124(0.97) |
19 | 眼器官疾病 | 93(0.73) | 14(0.11) | 107(0.84) |
20 | 生殖系统及乳腺疾病 | 32(0.25) | 3(0.02) | 35(0.27) |
21 | 耳及迷路类疾病 | 30(0.23) | 4(0.03) | 34(0.27) |
22 | 其他 | 561(4.39) | 20(0.16) | 581(4.55) |
合计 | 11 721(91.81) | 1 045(8.19) | 12 766(100.00) |
注: 其他,包括良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊肿和息肉),外科及医学操作,各种先天性、家族性及遗传性疾病,社会环境,妊娠、产褥期及围产期状况和产品问题。
Note: OOthers including benign, malignant and unspecified neoplasms(including cysts and polyps),surgical and medical procedures,congenital, familial and genetic disorders,social circumstances,pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions, and product problems.
采用PT进行各SOC报告查询,结果显示,阿替利珠单抗相关ADE常表现为发热、间质性肺病(interstitial lung disease, ILD)、腹泻、肺炎、发热性中性粒细胞减少(febrile neutropenia, FN)、疲劳、皮疹等(
序号 | SOC | PT | ADEs | 例次 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 | pyrexia | 发热 | 358 |
2 | 呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 | interstitial lung disease | 间质性肺病 | 329 |
3 | 胃肠系统疾病 | diarrhoea | 腹泻 | 268 |
4 | 呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 | pneumonitis | 肺炎 | 205 |
5 | 血液及淋巴系统疾病 | febrile neutropenia | FN | 201 |
根据阿替利珠单抗说明书中关于ADR的记载,其最常见ADR (≥10%)为疲乏、食欲下降、恶心、咳嗽、呼吸困难、发热、腹泻及皮疹等,但由于参与阿替利珠单抗临床试验的患者需符合严格的入选标准,数量较少,并不能完全反映真实世界ADR的发生情况。本研究综合EV数据库中阿替利珠单抗相关ADRs,分析发现真实世界中发生率较高的ADR为发热、ILD、肺炎、腹泻、FN、皮疹及甲状腺功能减退等,与说明书记载并不完全一致。
本研究发现,阿替利珠单抗相关ADE最常涉及的SOC为全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应,如发热、疲劳及虚弱等,其中以发热的发生率最高(5.06%, 389/7 076)。阿替利珠单抗等免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitor, ICI)致发热的具体机制尚未完全阐明,可能与ICIs治疗所致细胞因子释放综合征和肿瘤溶解综合征有
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病也是阿替利珠单抗相关ADEs较常涉及的SOC,以ILD的发生率最高,为4.65%(329/7 076),在阿替利珠单抗所有ADEs中排第二位,其中男性患者196例(196/329, 59.57%),死亡39例(39/329, 11.85%),年龄多集中在65~85岁(188/329, 57.14%)。ICIs相关性ILD是一种难以治疗的致命性ADR,其致病机制尚不清楚,可能与ICIs解除免疫效应物和肺间质T细胞的调节有
阿替利珠单抗相关ADE常侵犯胃肠道系统,其中腹泻的报告数在本研究中排第三位,发生率为3.79%(268/7 076)。胃肠道系统ADR严重等级多为1~2级,严重胃肠道反应发生率<1%,其中食欲下降和恶心的发生率并不显著低于化疗患
血液及淋巴系统疾病也是本研究重点关注的SOC之一,其中FN的报告数为201例次,发生率为2.84%(201/7 076)。FN是一种严重不良反应,根据通用不良反应术语标准(common terminology criteria for adverse events, CTCAE) 5.0版,出现FN即判定为3级不良反应。目前,FN多见于阿替利珠单抗联合其他抗肿瘤药物,罕见关于阿替利珠单抗单药致FN的文献报
阿替利珠单抗致皮肤及皮下组织类疾病在本研究中占比较低,但皮肤损害是ICIs最常见的不良反应之
本研究收集的所有SOC中,以心脏器官疾病中严重不良事件占比最高(307/314, 97.77%),包括心肌炎、心力衰竭、心肌梗死、心动过速、心包积液、急性心肌梗死、心房颤动及心脏骤停等,其中仅心肌炎见于阿替利珠单抗说明书。与ICIs治疗相关且最为致命的ADE便是心脏毒性。Rubio-Infante
本研究的局限性在于病例报告多来自欧洲地区,缺乏亚洲人群病例,研究结果不一定适用于亚洲人群。EV数据库的报告为疑似不良反应报告,因此,ADR与阿替利珠单抗之间的关联不是绝对的,需要进一步的临床研究来验证。但本研究对我国仍有一定的参考价值,在一定程度上弥补了阿替利珠单抗在我国上市后安全性方面研究的不足。
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