Objective To establish an evaluation system for rational use of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(PEG-rhG-CSF), and to provide reference for evaluating the rational application of PEG-rhG-CSF.Methods The detailed evaluation rules for rational use of PEG-rhG-CSF were formulated on the base of PEG-rhG-CSF instructions, related guidelines and so on. The weight of each evaluation index was calculated through analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was also used to analyze the rational use of PEG-rhG-CSF among the tumor patients treated between January 2021 and June 2021 in Guangzhou First People's Hospital.Results The evaluation system was established, including 3 primary indicators and 10 secondary indicators. In the included 612 cases, the cases with completely rational use of PEG-rhG-CSF accounted for 28.76%, and those with basically rational use of PEG-rhG-CSF accounted for 55.23%, while 16.01% of them had unreasonable use of PEG-rhG-CSF.Conclusion Through the rationality evaluation with AHP-TOPSIS method, it is found that the use of PEG-rhG-CSF in the hospital was generally reasonable, but there were still significant inadequacies in terms of administration timing, indications, and dosage, which require further improvement.