A 55-year-old female patient with cervical squamous cell carcinoma received palliative chemotherapy (paclitaxel: 300 mg ivd d1; cisplatin: 30 mg ivd d1, 50 mg ivd d2), combined with immunotherapy (carrelizumab 200 mg ivd d1). After the second cycle of treatment, the patient developed diffuse pain in the lower limbs. Then paclitaxel was stopped in the third cycle, and no pain occurred in the lower limbs. However, when paclitaxel was used again in the fourth cycle, the pain in both lower limbs occurred again. There was an obvious deexcitation and reexcitation reaction between the use of paclitaxel and the occurrence of pain in both lower limbs. Through searching literatures and consulting the medicine instruction, it was judged that the lower limbs pain of the patient was likely to be the acute pain syndrome caused by paclitaxel, which was a new adverse reaction not noted in the instruction of paclitaxel injection. After symptomatic treatment with opioid analgesics combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the patient's pain was significantly relieved. This is the first report of a rare acute pain syndrome caused by paclitaxel injection, which reminds clinicians and pharmacists to pay attention to the occurrence of acute neurotoxicity when using this drug. It also provides reference for clinical medication safety and chronic tumor disease management.