Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology-driven T cell therapies have demonstrated great innovation potential in the treatment of tumors, with notable results especially in hematological tumors. By precisely modifying patient or donor cells to specifically recognize and remove tumor cells, this strategy has entered a new phase of clinical practice. Nevertheless, CAR-T cell therapy has not yet achieved the expected results in the treatment of solid tumors, and its potential adverse effects still cause widespread concern. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, multiple cell types modified on the base of CAR technology, such as NK cells, macrophages, NKT cells, and γδT cells, are being included in tumor treatment studies, expanding the therapeutic outlook. This review delves into the latest advances in CAR technology and its application in cell therapy, providing potential new ideas and possibilities for anti-tumor therapy.