Objective To study the therapeutic effect and side effects of Rabdosia rubescens dropping pills on the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Methods A total of 78 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. All patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The 40 patients in the treatment group were added with 24 Rabdosia rubescens dropping pills at a time, three times a day, from the start of chemoradiotherapy to the end of chemoradiotherapy. The Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores of all patients were valued before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results As for short-term efficacy, the local control rate of the two groups were more than 90%, and there was no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The degree of acute oral mucositis was lighter in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Among the patients with high risk of radiation injury, the incidence of grade Ⅰ acute oral mucositis was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05), while the incidence of grade Ⅳ acute oral mucositis was higher in the control group than in the treatment group (P<0.05). Both groups had radioactive salivary gland injury concentrated in grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ, and the total incidence was statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of other adverse reactions and in post-treatment KPS scores between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Rabdosia rubescens dropping pills combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy can effectively reduce the toxic and side effects of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, so as to improve the therapeutic effect.