Cancer is a global concern and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a family of diseases caused by an imbalance in the body's cell growth regulatory mechanisms, capable of affecting cells in any part of the body and having the ability to invade and destroy neighboring normal tissues. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is the process by which biological macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, coalesce into membrane-free organelles driven by weak multivalent interactions. The formation of condensates by LLPS enables selective concentration of specific proteins while excluding other molecules to maintain normal cellular function. Recent studies have revealed that the formation of biomolecular condensates by liquid-liquid phase separation directly regulates key processes involved in cancer cell pathology. Here, we focus on the relationship between the regulation of Hippo , Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, iron death, autophagy, and other related signaling pathways by LLPS and malignancy, and discuss potential strategies for targeting LLPS to treat tumors. With the deepening understanding of the mechanism of action of LLPS in cancer, it is expected that phase separation is expected to be a new target for the treatment of malignant tumors in the future, providing new solutions for cancer detection and treatment.